Story time: In the old days of original unices, before sysadmins had a clue, there were some that said things like "/dev/null is an empty file; let's delete it" They'd then remove it, and it would be recreated as an ordinary file. Many many processes would then write to it, and it would eventually fill the entire root partition with stuff that should have been consigned to a black hole. Same goes for /dev/zero. They'd remove it, and find that half their apps didn't work. Basically, /dev/zero is often used for initialising memory to a safe value; there used to be cracks where a program would get some memory, then trawl it for passwords. Nowadays, memory is usually zeroed out before it's given to an app, usually by reading from /dev/zero. So without it, apps can't actually intialise... Next hint: MKNOD is a program used to create device files. If it's not statically linked, then your system is, most of the time, unable to create device files. Great for comedy value, but if it's not working then you have to do a complete reinstall. Gary (-;